Author: Nipun Khanna

32. Words referring to acts include illegal omissions In every part of this Code, except where a contrary intention appears from the context, words which refer to acts done extend also to illegal omissions.

31. “A will” The words “a will” denote any testamentary document.

30. “Valuable security” The words “valuable security” denote a document which is, or purports to be, a document whereby any legal right is created, extended, transferred, restricted, extinguished or released, or where by any person acknowledges that he lies under legal liability, or has not a certain legal right. Illustration A writes his name on … Continue reading “30. “Valuable security” -Indian Penal Code, 1860″

29. “Document” The word “document” denotes any matter expressed or described upon any substance by means of letters, figures, or marks, or by more than one of those means, intended to be used, or which may be used, as evidence of that matter. Explanation 1- It is immaterial by what means or upon what substance the … Continue reading “29. “Document” -Indian Penal Code, 1860″

28. “Counterfeit” A person is said to “counterfeit” who causes one thing to resemble another thing, intending by means of that resemblance to practice deception, or knowing. it to be likely that deception will thereby be practiced. 29[Explanation 1- It is not essential to counterfeiting that the imitation should be exact. Explanation 2- When a person causes … Continue reading “28. “Counterfeit” -Indian Penal Code, 1860″

27. Property in possession of wife, clerk or servant When property is in the possession of a person’s wife, clerk or servant, on account of that person, it is in that person’s possession within the meaning of this Code. Explanation: A person employed temporarily or on a particular occasion in the capacity of a clerk … Continue reading “27. Property in possession of wife, clerk or servant-Indian Penal Code, 1860”

26. “Reason to believe” A person is said to have “reason to believe” a thing, if he has sufficient cause to believe that thing but not otherwise.

25. “Fraudulently” A person is said to do a thing fraudulently if he does that thing with intent to defraud but not otherwise.

24. “Dishonestly” Whoever does anything with the intention of causing wrongful gain to one person or wrongful loss to another person, is said to do that thing “dishonestly”.

23. “Wrongful gain” “Wrongful gain” is gain by unlawful means of property which the person gaining is not legally entitled. “Wrongful loss”- “Wrongful loss” is the loss by unlawful means of property to which the person losing it is legally entitled. Gaining wrongfully, losing wrongfully- A person is said to gain wrongfully when such person … Continue reading “23. “Wrongful gain” -Indian Penal Code, 1860″