Author: Nipun Khanna

39. “Voluntarily” A person is said to cause an effect “voluntarily” when he causes it by means whereby he intended to cause it, or by means which, at the time of employing, those means, he knew or had reason to believe to be likely to cause it. Illustration A sets fire, by night, to-an inhabited … Continue reading “39. “Voluntarily” -Indian Penal Code, 1860″

38. Persons concerned in criminal act may be guilty of different offences Where several persons are engaged or concerned in the commission of a criminal act, they may be guilty of different offences by means of that act. Illustration A attacks Z under such circumstances of grave provocation that his killing of Z would be … Continue reading “38. Persons concerned in criminal act may be guilty of different offences -Indian Penal Code, 1860”

37. Co-operation by doing one of several acts constituting an offence When an offence is committed by means of several acts, whoever intentionally co-operates in tile commission of that offence by doing any one of those acts, either singly or jointly with any other person, commits that offence. Illustrations (a) A and B agree to … Continue reading “37. Co-operation by doing one of several acts constituting an offence -Indian Penal Code, 1860”

36. Effect caused partly by act and partly by omission Wherever the causing of a certain effect, or an attempt to cause that effect, by an act or by an omission, is an offence, it is to be understood that the causing of that effect partly by an act and partly by an omission is … Continue reading “36. Effect caused partly by act and partly by omission -Indian Penal Code, 1860”

35. When such an act is criminal by reason of its being done with a criminal knowledge or intention Whenever an act, which is criminal only by reason of its being done with a criminal knowledge or intention, is done by several persons, each of such persons who joins in the act with such knowledge … Continue reading “35. When such an act is criminal by reason of its being done with a criminal knowledge or intention -Indian Penal Code, 1860”

REPEALED [Titled Government of India repealed by the Govt. of India (Adaptation of Indian Laws) Order,  1937]

[34. Acts done by several persons in furtherance of common intention When a criminal act is done by several persons in furtherance of the common intention of all, each of such persons is liable for that act in the same manner as if it were done by him alone.]

33. “Act”, “Omission” The word “act” denotes as well a series of acts as a single act : the word “omission” denotes as well as series of omissions as a single omission.  

32. Words referring to acts include illegal omissions In every part of this Code, except where a contrary intention appears from the context, words which refer to acts done extend also to illegal omissions.

31. “A will” The words “a will” denote any testamentary document.